High Marks For Botswana and Senegal On Democracy

By Prince Kurupati

In an election rich year, the democratic progress of the continent was palpable. In Namibia, the country elected its first female President though the opposition cried foul. In Mozambique, the post electoral violence was strong following accusations of rigging thrown at the victorious ruling party. In Rwanda, the victory of President Kagame was never in doubt.

Credit however goes to Botswana and Senegal, two countries which continue to set high standards when it comes to elections and orderly transition. The seamless transitions that both country experience is a template that more African countries should seek to emulate.

Botswana: A Historic Transition

Botswana’s 2024 elections marked the end of nearly 60 years of rule by the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP). The newly elected President, Duma Boko, leader of the opposition Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC), praised the smooth transfer of power facilitated by outgoing President Mokgweetsi Masisi. Despite initial uncertainties, Masisi gracefully conceded defeat, emphasizing his responsibility to uphold Botswana’s democratic values. This peaceful transition demonstrated the country’s institutional resilience and served as an inspiring example for the region.

“Botswana today sends a message to the whole world and says democracy is alive here, democracy is in action… This is democracy in motion; this is democracy exemplified, sent as an abiding lesson to the whole world to say to the African continent – it must happen, it can happen and when it does, it is one of the most beautiful experiences a country can go through,” Boko said in his inauguration speech.

Speaking after graciously conceding defeat, outgoing President Masisi said, “I knew I had a responsibility to make sure we set a standard because we have never had a change of government as in different party taking over in this country. So the onerousness of the responsibility on me was massive and I had to lead.”

President Boko’s administration has signalled a focus on addressing economic disparities, diversifying the diamond-dependent economy, and tackling unemployment, which stands at around 27%. The challenges ahead are immense, but Boko's reform-oriented agenda has generated optimism for a more inclusive future.

Senegal: A Model of Democratic Succession

In Senegal, the 2024 election resulted in a historic change as Bassirou Diomaye Faye succeeded President Macky Sall. Sall’s decision not to seek a controversial third term solidified his legacy as a champion of democracy. By respecting constitutional limits, Sall avoided potential political instability, fostering an environment conducive to a peaceful transition.

President Faye, relatively young and dynamic, has pledged to build on Senegal’s economic gains while addressing pressing social challenges such as youth unemployment and inequality. His early tenure has been characterized by efforts to enhance transparency and attract foreign investment, ensuring a balanced approach to growth.

Broader Implications and Regional Lessons

The transitions in Botswana and Senegal resonate beyond their borders, offering vital lessons for Africa and the global community. These peaceful handovers underscore the importance of strong democratic institutions, independent electoral processes, and leaders’ commitment to constitutional principles. As Piers Pigou of the Institute for Security Studies noted, Botswana’s transition highlights the region’s potential for pluralism and institutional stability.

“The fact that we have had an expedited and smooth transfer of power should really surprise no one given Botswana’s pedigree. Of course, there are many lessons for the region where such reflections of pluralism are largely absent. One hopes there will be lessons learned… Notwithstanding the fact that Botswana has been ruled by one party for almost six decades until this recent election, it is nevertheless held out as an example of democratic practice, strong independent institutions for the most part in the southern Africa region… There have been concerns of late of compromising those institutions, corruption and so forth under the Masisi administration. But I think by and large what this election has shown is that the institutions have held firm,” Pigou said.

Countries like Namibia and Zambia have also demonstrated smooth transitions in recent years, reinforcing a broader trend of democratic deepening in parts of Africa. However, challenges remain, including economic disparities, corruption, and governance issues, which will test the mettle of these young leaders.

Prospects for the Future

The leadership styles of Presidents Boko and Faye reflect a generational shift toward pragmatism and innovation in African politics. Their ability to navigate complex socio-economic landscapes will determine their long-term success. If these leaders deliver on their promises, they could redefine governance standards and inspire similar transitions across the continent.

The peaceful transitions in Botswana and Senegal signal a new chapter for Africa’s political evolution. They underscore the importance of strong institutions, constitutional adherence, and leaders willing to prioritize their countries over personal ambitions.

As these young leaders navigate complex political and economic landscapes, their successes could herald a transformative era for Africa, marked by innovation, inclusivity, and democratic resilience.
By focusing on sustainable development and addressing pressing challenges, Presidents Boko and Faye have the opportunity to redefine leadership on the continent and set a benchmark for generations to come. Their journeys are a testament to the promise of Africa’s evolving political landscape, offering hope for a brighter, more democratic future.

*Culled from December Edition of PAV Magazine