Towards a Government of National Unity in Cameroon: A Path to Stability and Progress

Peter Mbile*

Cameroon stands at a crossroads, facing deep political divisions, unresolved historical grievances, and mounting socio-economic challenges. The call for a Government of National Unity has sparked a range of reactions—from support to outright hostility. Yet, in a country where political fragmentation and ethnic divisions persist, a unifying leadership structure is not just desirable but necessary.

Resistance to the Idea of National Unity

The idea of a Government of National Unity is met with skepticism from various quarters:

1. Defenders of the Status Quo – Some view any call for change as an affront to the incumbent leadership, believing that continuity is the only viable option. To them, even discussing alternatives is sacrilegious.

2. Political Strategists and Power Brokers – Others, already positioning themselves within the current system, see unity as a disruption to their succession plans. For them, the political future should be determined within the existing framework.

3. Ethnic and Regional Partisans – Certain political formations prioritize a particular state structure or regional dominance. A Government of National Unity threatens their strategy by advocating for inclusivity over exclusivity.

4. Popular Figures with National Ambitions – Some individuals, banking on their name recognition, grassroots support, and broad acceptability, fear that national unity could diminish their personal momentum.

5. Internationally Recognized Actors – Others seek legitimacy through international endorsement rather than national consensus. A Government of National Unity, which prioritizes local agency, makes them uneasy.

6. Youthful Political Movements – The energy of young leaders, driven by a strong nationalist spirit and fresh political mastery, brings both hope and discomfort. While their dynamism could benefit national unity, their rise challenges the comfort of established elites.

Cameroon’s Historical Burden and the Need for a New Vision

Cameroon, like other African states shaped by the 1884–85 Berlin Conference, is a political project still in the making. The country’s first president inherited a legacy of repression, a fractured federation, and lingering conflicts from the UPC War and the 1984 coup attempt. The current leadership has since struggled to manage an increasingly restless population with diverging priorities. Each political cycle feels like a new beginning, yet unresolved tensions persist.

The truth is, Cameroon is rich in both human and material potential, but this potential remains untapped due to deep divisions. The only way forward is through a single unifying vision—one that prioritizes national unity and stability above individual or regional interests.

The Southern Cameroonian Perspective on Unity

Few are better placed to advocate for a Government of National Unity than Southern Cameroonians, who have experienced the strengths and weaknesses of multiparty democracy firsthand. From 1954 to 1972, they navigated a parliamentary system that, despite its flaws, demonstrated the value of political inclusivity.

The reintroduction of multiparty democracy in Cameroon has revealed its inherent challenges, particularly in an African context where political majorities are often determined by ethnic and regional affiliations rather than merit. This reality has made it difficult for minorities, including Southwesterners, to ascend to leadership positions in a purely competitive system. The concern is that such a system tends to produce leaders from dominant groups, sometimes at the expense of national competence and cohesion.

Many historians argue that at the time of reunification, Anglophone leaders who emerged were not necessarily the best available but were selected through an ethnically influenced multiparty process. This, some contend, contributed to the unresolved grievances fueling the ongoing Anglophone crisis.

Beyond Co-optation: Genuine Political Inclusion

Cameroon has seen minority parties included in government, but this does not equate to a true Government of National Unity. Many of these parties are co-opted rather than integrated with real influence. Genuine national unity requires more than token representation—it demands an inclusive governance model where opposition voices contribute meaningfully to decision-making.

A National Unity Government: The Foundation for the Future

A Government of National Unity would be an admission of a shared national purpose. It would allow Cameroon to:

Rebuild trust among its diverse populations by ensuring that governance is not dominated by one group or ideology.

Create a platform for resolving long-standing grievances, including the Anglophone crisis and broader regional marginalization.

Harness the full potential of its human resources, bringing together the best minds from across political and ethnic divides.

Provide a stable foundation for future leadership transitions, reducing the risks of political turbulence and instability.

Conclusion: A Call for Unity and Progress

Cameroon is a work in progress. To build a sustainable future, all hands must be on deck. A Government of National Unity is not just an idealistic proposition—it is a pragmatic necessity. By embracing a shared vision, Cameroon can move beyond political stagnation and towards a more stable, inclusive, and prosperous future.

*The author is an Environmental Management Specialist and commentator on Society and Politics. He is based in Yaounde, Cameroon and holds a PhD in Forest Economics and Management. This is the second part of an ongoing series.The views expressed are his