By Olayinka Ajayi
Ambassador Tunji John Asaolu is a distinguished Nigerian Professor of Politics and International Studies, Secretary-General / CEO and Member of the Supreme Council, United World Congress of Diplomats (UN-WCD), and Vice Chairman of the African School of Diplomacy and International Relations (ASDIR).
In this exclusive interview, he speaks on why President Bola Tinubu’s government must adopt a multi-faceted approach — emphasizing dialogue, socio-economic development, and inclusive governance — to prevent further escalation following the Trump-era designation of Nigeria as a Country of Particular Concern (CPC).
What did Nigeria miss as a nation, and what did we do right on the Trump administration’s designation of Nigeria as a Country of Particular Concern (CPC)?
Amb. Asaolu: The CPC designation by the Trump administration reflected deep concerns about religious freedom and human rights violations, particularly in areas troubled by violence and extremism.
One major misstep was the government’s inadequate response to the underlying causes of religious and ethnic violence. The persistence of Boko Haram and other extremist groups has not only endangered national security but also created a perception of systemic failure in protecting minority rights. The displacement of hundreds of thousands undermined Nigeria’s commitment to international human rights norms, including those enshrined in the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
That said, Nigeria has made some progress. Programs such as Operation Safe Corridor, which rehabilitates former militants, and active participation in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) show real commitment to regional cooperation against terrorism — in line with the AU’s Agenda 2063 for peace and security.
What would you describe as the best-case and worst-case scenarios for Nigeria at this stage?
Amb. Asaolu: In the best-case scenario, Nigeria successfully tackles the root causes of extremism through sustained socio-economic development, quality education, and interfaith dialogue. This would attract foreign investment, strengthen civil society, and restore confidence in governance. It would also position Nigeria as a model of stability, in keeping with the AU’s goal of “silencing the guns.”
The worst-case scenario, however, would be a continuation — or escalation — of violence leading to fragmentation along ethnic and religious lines. In that situation, we risk humanitarian disaster and regional destabilization similar to the tragic experiences of Syria. A breakdown in governance and security would be catastrophic not only for Nigeria but for West Africa as a whole.
How do you view China’s and the European Union’s support for Nigeria?
Amb. Asaolu: Both China and the EU are crucial to Nigeria’s stability and development. China, through the Belt and Road Initiative, has financed major infrastructure projects — improving connectivity and trade. The EU, meanwhile, focuses on human rights, democratic governance, and institutional reform.
These partnerships complement each other: Chinese investment drives physical development, while EU support enhances governance and transparency. When properly managed, this dual engagement can help Nigeria achieve balanced, sustainable progress — fully aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2063.
How exactly do these partnerships benefit Nigeria on the ground?
Amb. Asaolu: China’s investments have improved our roads, power generation, and industrial capacity, directly creating jobs and stimulating economic growth. On the other hand, the EU’s technical and financial support — such as through the European Development Fund — has strengthened civil society, improved governance, and promoted human rights.
Together, they help Nigeria address both infrastructure deficits and institutional weaknesses, ensuring that development is both visible and values-driven.
Some analysts suggest that Trump’s CPC declaration had other motives — that it was more political than humanitarian. What’s your take?
Amb. Asaolu: That’s a fair observation. It’s plausible that the designation was influenced by broader geopolitical motives. Throughout history, human-rights-based sanctions have sometimes served as instruments of political leverage.
The danger is that selective enforcement can dilute genuine advocacy for human rights. Nigeria must recognize this and strengthen internal accountability so that no foreign power can easily manipulate our weaknesses for strategic reasons.
There are also claims that certain Nigerian politicians went to the U.S. to lobby for this designation. Do you think there’s any truth in that?
Amb. Asaolu: It’s possible that some individuals tried to use foreign influence to settle domestic scores. But rather than speculate, I’d emphasize the need for stronger institutions at home. When governance is inclusive, transparent, and accountable, such lobbying loses its power.
As the African Union often reminds us, we must pursue African Solutions to African Problems. Building internal resilience through credible governance will reduce external interference and reinforce national unity.
What should Nigeria do now to prevent any further escalation — especially given fears that extremism could snowball into a wider conflict?
Amb. Asaolu: Nigeria must adopt a multi-faceted strategy built around four key pillars:
- Promoting Dialogue:
Engage traditional, religious, and community leaders in open, continuous peace dialogues. Borrowing from the AU’s Blueprint for Peace and Security can help us structure effective mediation frameworks. - Investing in Socio-Economic Development:
Address poverty and unemployment — the breeding grounds of extremism. Investments in education, infrastructure, and jobs, particularly in the North, will weaken extremist recruitment. The World Bank’s programs in Northern Nigeria have already shown promising results. - Empowering Civil Society:
Civil society must have a voice in policymaking. This ensures inclusivity and accountability — consistent with SDG 16, which promotes peace, justice, and strong institutions. - Deepening International Partnerships:
Collaborate with international allies for training, intelligence sharing, and development support, while ensuring that such cooperation respects Nigeria’s sovereignty and priorities.
By integrating these approaches, Nigeria can not only curb current threats but also create a sustainable peace framework for future generations.
Finally, what is your message to Nigerians and to the international community?
Amb. Asaolu: Nigeria has the potential to turn this challenge into an opportunity. The CPC issue should push us to reform governance, promote unity, and strengthen democracy.
If we get this right, Nigeria will not just overcome extremism — it will stand as a model for peace and resilience in Africa. A stable and inclusive Nigeria is vital not only for our people but for the continent’s long-term peace and prosperity.
